Abantu benshi bakunze kugereranya u Rwanda (igihugu giherereye muri Afurika) n’igihugu cya Singapore (giherere mu mugabane wa Aziya), ukibaza impamvu yicyo kigereranyo kandi ibyo bihugu byombi biri ku migabane itandukanye. Aha umuntu yaboneraho no kwibaza ikindi kibazo kigira kiti: ese bamwe mu banyarwanda batuye cyangwa bakora muri icyo gihugu cya Singapore (RCA Singapore) bakwigira iki kuri icyo gihugu cyagize umuvuduko udasanzwe mu iterambere ryacyo?
Mu rwego rwo gusobanukirwa neza kurushaho kuri iyi ngingo irebana nibi bihugu byombi u Rwanda na Singapore, aha twegereye iyi mpuguke mu birebana n’ububanyi n’amahanga akaba n’umwarimu muri Kaminuza, uwo ni Bwana Dr. Ismael Buchanan. Iyi mpuguke kandi ikaba yarize,igatura ndetse ikanakora muri kimwe mu bihugu byo muri uwo mugabane wa Aziya, bituranye nicyo gihugu cya Singapore.
Kubirebana n’impamvu ki bamwe bagereranya Singapore n’igihugu cy’u Rwanda, Bwana Ismael Buchanan yatangiye asubiza mu magambo ye agira ati; “Impamvu ituma bagereranya ibi bihugu byombi nuko usanga neza umuvuduko igihugu cy’u Rwanda rwagize mu iterambere nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Mata 1994, cyane cyane ibyo bikagararira mu birebana n’ ubukungu, imiyoborere, ikoranabuhanga ndetse no mu bindi bice bitandukanye by’ubuzima rusange bw’abaturage b’ u Rwanda, bikwereka neza buryo ki igihugu cy’ u Rwanda rwabigenje bidatandukanye cyane n’uburyo Singapore yiyubatse mu buyobozi bwayo igihe uwari minisitiri w’intebe wa Singapore Bwana Lee Kuan Yew mu miyoborere ye yahanganye cyane no gushyira igihugu cya Singapore imbere, urebeye mu bukungu, ikoranabuhanga n’ihindi ariko cyane cyane Singapore ikaba izwi nk’igihugu cyarwanije cyane ruswa mu buyobozi bwayo, bityo iyo ureba ubuyobozi u Rwanda rufite muri iki gihe bugendera ku miyoborere myiza ishingiye ku ihame rirebana n’imiyoborere myiza ishyira imbere umuturage kwisonga hagendewe ku nyungu rusange z’abaturage, aho ubona neza uburyo Leta y’u Rwanda ikora ibishoboka byose ngo harebwe buryo ki buri mu nyarwanda yiyumva mu rugamba rwo guharanira iterambere rusange.
Ibi byigaragaza mu mishinga minini yagiye ikorwa irebana n’uburezi, ubukerarugendo, ubuvuzi, icyizere cyo kubaho, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi n’amazi meza muri rubanda, umusaruro mbumbe k’umuturage nibindi byinshi. Ikindi gikomeye gisanisha u Rwanda nicyo gihugu cya Singapore ni buryo ki igihugu cy’u Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Mata 1994, aho ubuyobozi bwa leta y’u Rwanda bwahanganye kugeza n’ubu n’ikibazo kirebana na ruswa (zero tolerance to corruption) bityo ntakabuza, bikakwereka neza uburyo ubuyobozi bw’igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyiyemeje guhangana nu guca burundu, iyo ruswa yari yaramunze bamwe mu bategetsi ba mbere bayoboye u Rwanda, aho byari byarabaye nk’umuco mubi mu miyoborere yabaranze. Guhangana na ruswa rero kuri leta y’u Rwanda(leta yahagaritse jenoside yakorerwaga abatutsi muri Mata 1994), ubona neza ko ntaho bitaniye n’uburyo icyo gihugu cya Singapore cyashoboye kubishyira mu bikorwa, nyuma yaho kiboneye ubwigenge nk’igihugu cyari cyometse ku gihugu cya Malaysia. Bityo rero iyo ureba uburyo inzego z’imiyoborere zubatse mu Rwanda nk’urwego rw’umuvunyi, nibindi, ibi byose bigaragaza neza isano iri hagati y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda mu guhangana niyo ruswa nkuko byagenze muri icyo gihugu cya Singapore, ndetse ikaba ari nacyo gihugu (Singapore), abantu benshi bakunze kwita igitangaza cyo k’umugabane wa Aziya. Aha niho bamwe mu banyamahanga bakunze gutemberera muri Singapore baboneraho kuvuga neza ko ntaho igihugu cy’u Rwanda gitandukanye nacyo bityo u Rwanda rukagereranywa na Singapore ya Afurika, bishingiye akenshi kuri izo ngingo twavuze haruguru”.
Akomeza avuga ko iyo urebye mu iterambere ndetse n’umuvuduko u Rwanda rwagize mu bukungu cyangwa mu birebana n’iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ndetse no mubindi bikorwa bitandukanye, ubuvuzi, ikoranabuhangana mu ma banki, ubona neza ko u Rwanda rufite gahunda igaragarira buri wese ndetse ukurikije umuvuduko mu by’ubukungu n’ishoramari aho nk’urugero kugeza ubu u Rwanda mu by’ubukungu ruri k’umuvuduko wa 7,8% ndetse binakomeje kuzamuka hejuru, umuvuduko ubona neza ko uyu mwihariko nk’igihugu cy’u Rwanda akenshi biterwa n’ubuyobozi bwiza mu gihugu bufite icyerekezo koko mubyo bukorera abanyarwanda mugucunga neza ubukungu bw’igihugu. Asoza avuga ko ni ubwo ibyo byose bivugwa ku Rwanda mu kurusanisha n’igihugu cya Singapore, kuriwe abona neza ko hakiri inzira ndende mu buryo abanyarwanda batakwirara ngo bahagarikire aho, ahubwo ibi bitanga kumva ko hagomba gukomeza gukoresha imbaraga zishoboka ngo igihugu gikomeze kwiyubaka muri uwo murongo mwiza.
Muri iyi nkuru turarebera hamwe amateka ya Singapore ndetse n’amasomo y’ingenzi u Rwanda rwakwigira kuri Singapore kandi turifashisha ubuhamya bwa bamwe mu banyarwanda batuye cyangwa bakorera muri icyo gihugu.
Amateka wamenya kuri Singapore
Iki gihugu amateka yacyo wayahera mu mwaka wa 1299 ubwo cyashingwaga na Srivijayan Prince Sang Nila Utama, waje kukita Temasek mu mwaka 1819. Sir Stamford Raffles, umwogereza wari uzobereye mu bucuruzi, yaje gushinga ikigo cy’ubucuruzi ariko gifite aho gihuriye n’abongereza, byaje no kuvamo ko 1867 cyabaye koroni y’abongereza byeruye. Muntambara ya kabiri y’Isi WW II (1942-1945), Singapore yaje kubohozwa n’Ubuyapani, byayikururiye umuruho no kubabara cyane kw’abaturage kuburyo butangaje.
Mu Mwaka wa 1965 Singapore yaje kubona ubwigenge ndetse iyoborwa na Bwana Lee Kuan Yew, kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu ubukungu n’imibereho y’abaturage ba Singapore byaje guhinduka kuburyo budasubira inyuma. Uyu waje kuba Minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere yahinduye igihugu kuba igicumbi cy’inganda n’ubushakashatsi kugeza muri za 1990.
Lee Kuan Yew umugabo umeze neza nka Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’ u Rwanda Paul Kagame, mu magambo ye mu 1965 yagize ati: “Mu myaka 100, ndetse 1000 tuzaba turi hano nubwo nzaba ntahari, ariko abantu nkamwe bazaba bahari, inshuti zanjye nkamwe zizaba zihari abantu banjye bazaba bubashywe kandi bazwi.” Lee Kuan Yew yakomeje yungamo agira ati: “Koreya y’epfo yohereje abayihagarariye ngo tugirane amasezerano mu by’ubucuruzi, na Koreya ya ruguru yarabidusabye kandi bose tuzakorana.”
Ibi bigaragaza ugushira amanga yari afite no gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage cyane aharanira ko buri muntu yagera kubyo yifuza. Uyu munsi afatwa nk’umubyeyi wa Singapore.
Mugihe cye yatumye iki gihugu cye muri 1990 kiba igihugu cya mbere gifite iterambere ryihuta kurusha ibindi mu isi nzima. Lee Kuan Yew kandi mubinyacumi 3 gusa yari amaze gushyiraho uburyo bw’imyubakire igezweho twakwita nka Rwanda Housing Authority izwi cyane mukugenzura no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubaka muri Kigali n’ahandi. Yanafashije abaturage be kuva mu tuzu twakwita nka nyakatsi, batura ahantu hisanzuye kandi babona byose bakeneye.
Lee Kuan Yew kandi mubinyacumi 3 gusa yari amaze gushyiraho uburyo bw’imyubakire igezweho twakwita nka Rwanda Housing Authority izwi cyane mukugenzura no guhsyiraho uburyo bwo kubaka muri kigali n’ahandi. Yanafashije abaturage be kuva mu tuzu twakwita nka nyakatsi, batura ahantu hisanzuye kandi babona byose bakeneye.
Yashyizeho ikigo gishyigikira kandi kikanafasha abashoramari bato n’inganda ziciriritse, byafashije abantu benshi kwivana mubukene byihuse banitabira ishoramari ryohanze y’igihugu. Ikindi yakoze ni ukubungabunga ifaranga rya Singapore ashishikariza abashoramari kuza gushora imari mu gihugu imbere nkuko Rwanda Development Board (RDB) ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere kibikora ndetse na za Ambasade zitandukanye z’u Rwanda.
Yashyizeho ikigo gishyigikira kandi kikanafasha abashoramari bato n’inganda ziciriritse, byafashije abantu benshi kwivana mubukene byihuse banitabira ishoramari ryohanze y’igihugu. Ikindi yakoze ni ukubungabunga ifaranga rya Singapore ashishikariza abashoramari kuza gushora imari mu gihugu imbere nkuko Rwanda Development Board (RDB) ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere kibikora ndetse na za Ambasade zitandukanye z’u Rwanda.
Kuva icyo gihe kugeza n’ubu iki gihugu gifatwa nk’igicumbi cyo guhererekanya amafaranga n’ishoramari muri Aziya yose.
Amasomo 5 U Rwanda rwakwigira kuri Singapore:
- Gushora Imari mu kubaka ubushobozi bw’abanyagihugu (Invest in Human capital); Igihugu cya Singapore usanga ahanini cyibanda ku kwigisha no guhugura bihoraho abanyagihugu, ibi bituma babasha guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo no guhindura uburyo abanyagihugu bakoresha Ifaranga. U Rwanda muri gahunda yarwo rwakomeza gushyira imbaraga mu masomo y’ubumenyingiro ndetse n’andi yigihe gito hagamijwe kwigisha abanyarwanda ifaranga nuko rikoreshwa bijyana no guhanga udushya mumikorere yabo.
- Gushyiraho uburyo butuma umuntu yinjiza ifaranga riturutse mubintu bitandukanye (Diversify the Economy): Singapore yashyizeho uburyo bwo kwinjiza amafaranga idashingiye ku kintu kimwe cyane cyane muri serivise. U Rwanda rukomeje gushyira imbaraga mu bukerarugendo, serivise, kwita k’umutungo kamere, ishoramari riciriritse, inganda byazamura umutungo bwite w’igihugu.
- . Ishoramari riciye mu mucyo (Foster a Business-Friendly Environment) : ibi u Rwanda rwabigezeho nubwo ari kimwe mubyo Singapore yubakiyeho ubuhangange bwayo aho kureshya abashoramari biciye mu kuborohereza kubona ibyangombwa byo gukorera mu gihugu nko mu Rwanda bifata amasaha wabarira ku ntoki.
- Gushora imari mubikorwa remezo (Invest in Infrastructure): uyu munsi urebye Singapore ukayigereranya niya 1965 ntaho wayitandukanyiriza n’U Rwanda rwa mbere ya 1994, ariko uburyo bibanze mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo byatumbagije umutungo n’ubwiza bw’igihugu byoroheje ishoramari n’imihahiranire n’ibindi bihugu mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, ingufu, ubwikorezi, n’ibindi.
- Igena migambi no kureba kure (Long-Term Planning and Vision): iyo bavuze viziyo 2020, 2050 uhita wumva u Rwanda rw’abakozi bataryama kubera imirimo yabaye myinshi, urujya n’uruza n’ibindi bitangaje. Ngiyo Singapore ujya wumva yateje imbere igenamigambi ryigihe kizaza aho baba bafite imishinga yo mumyaka 100 nk’uko Lee yakundaga kubivuga.
- U Rwanda binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye,hagiye hashyirwa imbaraga mu mishinga minini kandi y’igihe kirekire, rwazaba indashyikirwa mu karere no muri Afurika nzima.
Kandi twaganiriye na Bwana Bienvenu KABOBA
Yagize ati: “Niga Masters of science in smart manufacturing, ikaba yibanda cyane ku ikoranabuhanga n’ubwenge karemano (Artificial Inteligence), iby’inganda no kugeza ibicuruzwa aho bigomba kugera(Industrial 5.0 supply chain).”
Yanakomoje k’urugendo Nyakubahwa President wa Repubulika y’ u Rwanda yagiriye muri Singapore muri Nzeri 2022. Ati: “Perezida Paul Kagame yaje gusura kaminuza ya Nanyang Technological University, kaminuza imwe muzikomeye kw’isi, asiga ahaciye inzira y’abanyeshuri baza kuhiga baturutse mu Rwanda. Rero nagize umugisha wokuba mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’abanyeshuri ba banyarwanda bize muri NTU Singapore”.
Twamubajije kucyo abanywanda bakwigira kuri Singapore, atubwira ko Singapore ikwiye kwigirwaho byinshi, ati: “cyane nk’abanyarwanda hari umujyo turimo w’iterambere kandi twifuza kugera kure hashoboka mugihe gito. Rero Singapore ni urugero rwiza kuri twe kuko ibyo bagezeho byabatwaye imyaka mike cyane”.
“Icyo nabashije kwigira hano ni imbaraga bashyira mu muburezi nk’umusingi w’iterambere. Kaminuza zo muri Singapore zikoramo aba world class professors bafite ibigwi mu mashami atandukanye ku rwego rw’isi.” Ikindi hakoreshwa ikoranabuhanga ryo hejuru mu mashuri kuburyo byorohereza abanyeshuri mumyigire igezweho.
Urugero nabaha ni amasomo twiga bagafata amajwi n’amashusho zikora ku buryo utaha ukongera ugasubiramo isomo neza nk’uwaruhibereye. Ntabwo nakwibagirwa n’amasomero yo muri NTU aba ari ku rwego rwiza kandi akorana n’ ibigo mpuzamahanga k’uburyo byorohereza abanyeshuri kubona ubushakatsi bwakozwe n’abandi.
Nkaba nasoreza ku cyerekezo cya reta ya Singapore, aho usanga baba barateguye ibintu byose bizakorwa mu myaka nk’itanu izaza bikabafasha kumenya ibyihutirwa kurusha ibindi (priorities) no kumenya uburyo babigeraho.
